Friday, December 27, 2019

We Must Stop The Global System Essay - 1034 Words

1.The earth is considered as one of the most beautiful planets in the universe. It is the only planet in our galaxy that supports life. Unfortunately, our planet is suffering due to population and resource availability. If these problems are not recognized, and the appropriate actions are not taken to slow down or put an end to them, then the consequences could be overwhelming. The global system will need to adjust to this massive population growth. Over the past few decades, the world has seen major advancements in health and largely as a result, people are generally living longer, healthier lives. The number of people on the planet is set to rise to 9.7 billion. Nearly 220,000 people are added to the planet every day, further compounding most resources and environmental problems. This will mean shifting the current focus on treating sick people towards preventing illness and preserving the health of populations. It makes more sense for humans to bring growth to a halt by adjusting birth rates downward in humane ways rather than waiting for death rates to move upward. why should anyone be concerned about population? The simple answer is that virtually all of the major problems that confront the world today relate in some critical way to population growth. 2.Norman Borlaug won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970, in his Nobel acceptance speech Borlaug perceptively commented that There can be no permanent progress in the battle against hunger until the agencies that fight forShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Its Effect On Climate Change Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesThe global warming is a controversial and debated topic, but it is no surprise to most people. When we think about our future, we only think about our personal life effects and benefits. Global warming is also an important and troubling situation going on the planet earth. Changes in climate can be resulted from both human activities and natural. Human activities involve careless actions and burning fuels. On the other side, natural events cause climate change by volcanic eruptions. Human activitiesRead MoreGlobal Warming a Global Dilemma Essay797 Words   |  4 Pagesenergy-efficient products, and understanding which areas of your life generate the most carbon emissions.† (Ten Personal Solutions to Global Warming) A decade ago, global warming was not much of a concern as it is now. No matter how much we are informed about it , we as a society seem to ignore the future disasters that global warming will acquire. Global warming is a â€Å"global† dilemma and everyone has an obligation to help reduce emissions. This phenomenon has a powerful impact on our climate, our healthRead MoreSheilah Otieno. Professor Hax. T-Sem 102-65. April 4, 2017.1518 Words   |  7 PagesSheilah Otieno Professor Hax T-Sem 102-65 April 4, 2017 Reflection paper This paper will reflect on the readings that we have done thus far, as well as ask the important question of how our daily lives, the things that we buy, use, and throw away, are all intertwined and built to impact climate change. Readings such as: Poverty, the environment, and the market, Tangled routes, the story of stuff, and This Changes everything gave us a glimpse into how humans are the primary contributors to climateRead MoreCauses And Consequences Of Eating Meat1702 Words   |  7 Pageswant to decrease ruthless cruelty? Do you want to decrease global warming? Do you want to decrease destruction to the environment? Do you want to decrease health risks? As these yeses are being counted -- unanimity, right? -- a fifth question looms: are you willing to change from an omnivorous diet to a vegan diet? (McCarthy). Many people would answer no. The ethical thing to do when learning about the horrible effects of eating meat is to stop eating meat. However many people just close th eir eyes andRead MoreIBM Business Analytics-Case Analysis1181 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout the world as a leading global payment services company. The diverse array of products and services we offer enables consumer and businesses to make payments and transfer money around the world. From New York to Russia or London to India - in more than 197 countries - MoneyGram s money transfer service moves money quickly and easily around the world. The payment services also help businesses operate more efficiently and cost effectively. We offer our products and services toRead MoreOverfishing Is A Global Issue1691 Words   |  7 Pagesfish species to reduce rapidly and others to become extinct. In order to stop this before it is too late, we must enforce sustainable methods, and eliminate the use of these extremely damaging procedures. Overfishing is a global issue, that has resulted in economic loss, marine life disruption and decreased food security, by supporting sustainable methods and campaigning to ban our current destructive practices, we can stop this issue before it is too late. Overfishing has been an issue for decadesRead MoreDoes Global Warming Have An Effect Hurricane?1591 Words   |  7 PagesDoes Global warming have an effect Hurricane? Are Hurricanes being effective by global warming? Many studies have been conducted to look at the effects of global warming on hurricanes. Since Hurricane Katrina, Rita and Wilma pounded the Gulf of Mexico in 2005 with gigantic force, there have been more studies into how global warming is affecting Hurricanes. However before we can answer the question does global warming effect hurricanes, we must find out what a hurricane is and how it works? Then weRead MoreBenefits Of The Health Care Industry877 Words   |  4 PagesWe live in a world with ever-growing health care needs. As many national studies have shown, the health care industry is projected to become one of the fastest growing industries worldwide by the time we reach 2020 A.D. According to Bureau of Labor Statistics, it is believed that the health care industry is expected to overtake state and local government by the number of jobs added per year. But why is this occurring? One reason is there has been an increase in the national average life expectancyRead MoreTotal Quality Management At Kiichiro Toyoda900 Words   |  4 Pagescompany. Toyoda’s primary viewpoints in his system embrace the theories of just-in-time and Jidoka. Just-in-time (JIT) focuses on productivity improvement with the main idea being, â€Å"making only what is needed, when it is needed, and in the amount needed†. The main goal for JIT was to effectively build a car within the shortest possible amount of time by obeying four guidelines. The first rule states that when the first order is established it must be brought to the start of the assembly line asRead MoreImpact Of Global Warming On Human And Natural Systems1540 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironmental change is a global phenomenon and it impacts human and natural systems substantially. Precisely predicting interactions as a result of such change is a very difficult science as many elements are often involved. Complex environmental problems such as biodiversity loss, resource degradation, and fresh water availability have been at the center of many debates. In particular, global w arming has been the predominant topic in political, social, and scientific communities. What needs further

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Advantages Of College Tuition - 764 Words

In our country, a high form of education is critical to society, especially as we advance. As time passes, new areas of medicines and sciences appear, but how is the nation to produce progress without refining education? Among the most significant improvements needed are methods of financing college education either by the government or by college students. With a government funded college system, students would not be enabled to pay for tuition, providing additional benefits. Overall, our country should allow free college tuition to ensure the creation of a well-educated workforce, equalized opportunities, and decreased financial obligations for students. To begin, permitting colleges to remove tuition will result in a well-educated†¦show more content†¦Instead of settling with high debt and low income, people not able to become enrolled in college because of tuition, now have a much greater chance of living their own wanted lifestyle. Research from Sandy Baum shows that, o n average, college students receive about $20,000 more yearly than high-school grads (Clark). In a country with free tuition, it is doubtless that thousands of more students will attend college (Kingsley). Another benefit free tuition college provides is a decreased amount of financial obligations students must worry about. Since the government would be paying for most of the college education, this prevents graduates from paying insane amounts of student loan debt. Graduating with large quantities of debt has been shown to reduce chances of possessing a home, becoming married, having children, and accumulating wealth, making debt a dangerous factor in college. Debt can also force students to become unfocused with their studies, resulting into a worsened result in academic performance. However, with this free tuition, academic performance may rise, which would allow more students to graduate college on time, ready to engage in jobs for the community. In return to the government payi ng for education, after graduation, students have much more money to refuel the economy because of the debt they do not need to pay (Wittner). Although it is true that, without student tuition, the government must disburse billions of dollars in public education,Show MoreRelatedAdvantages Of College Tuition1693 Words   |  7 Pagesattending college. The main argument that we have is whether college tuition is too expensive or not. Over the last few decades the college tuition rates have increased drastically, but is a rate increase necessarily a good or bad thing. I personally believe that the cost to attend college is too expensive especially for low and middle-income families. There are many reasons why tuition could be considered too expensive they include, rise of tuition, little financial aid, and lack of college savingsRead MoreU.s. Securities And Exchange Commission1523 Words   |  7 PagesThis program evaluation contains the overall progress of the 529 plans and the bene fits. The objective of the 529 plans by the Government of United States of America is to provide advantages to the college savers in availing the tax rebates and tax reductions. The educational system is benefiting from these plans and the document provides the analysis of the factors that play their part in the providing the benefit to the sector and the overall economy. According to the U.S. Securities and ExchangeRead MoreFree College Should Not Be Banned Essay1433 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the cost of going into a university or a college has become very expensive and would want their government to provide free college tuitions much like the governments in Norway, Sweden, Germany and many other counties in Europe. Furthermore, with the increase in concern of the topic many people have wondered why doesn’t the United States or most importantly, all counties provide free college tuition and that is because in order to provide free college there has to be a change in the economic structureRead MoreBenefits Of Going Into The Workforce944 Words   |  4 PagesWhen one chooses to go to college, they are investing in their future career. Once a young adult leaves high school they have a choice to either go to college or to go into the workforce. When deciding which path they will take, they must look at both the benefits and disadvantages. The ad vantage to going straight into the workforce is being able to immediately start their profession of choice and do not have to pay off expensive college loans. The disadvantage to going straight into the workforceRead MoreShould College Tuition Be Free?1115 Words   |  5 Pagestoday’s society is that college tuition should be free or if not free, more affordable for all students. Certainly, higher education should not be considered a luxury where only the wealthy could afford, but an opportunity for all caste systems. It must be an accessible and affordable opportunity for all students in order for them to invest in their education. Higher education is important because it provides more careers to choose from than the careers offered without having a college degree. UltimatelyRead MoreFree College Is A Great Dream1352 Words   |  6 PagesFree college is a great dream, but not feasible. A higher education benefits not only the individual, but our country and economy as a whole. Higher tuition fees could affect students’ decision to not go to college, the government should pass a bill that limits some of the unnecessary fees that colleges charge students. The government should pay for the college education of its citizens because it is no longer an option to rely on scholarships to pay for college, they are becoming harder to get andRead MoreA Poor Solution For America s Shortcoming1625 Words   |  7 PagesA major issue in today’s society is the debate over free community college tuition. Even though some say free community college tuition would be one step closer to saving Americas crumbling lower class, community college tuition should not be completely free. An education from a community college is already very affordable even for those who are from low-income families. On top of being affordable, free community college tuition as it stands today is easily exploitable by those who don’t need itRead MoreCommunity College Or University?871 Words   |  4 Pages Community College or University Going to a community college, rather than a university, is a much more sufficient choice for high school graduates. Community colleges like Rockingham Community College (RCC), have increased benefits for the undergraduate students compared to that of a university. Attending RCC is a superior choice for most students because it is less expensive than a university, it has smaller, more flexible classes, and it is also usually closer to home and work. ThereRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid1203 Words   |  5 Pages College athletes receive many benefits while playing for the school of their choice. The endorsements for playing a division 1 college sport is obscene. The college athletes receive many compensations for playing a college sport including free tuition, textbooks, housing, and meal plans. Therefore college athletes should not be paid a salary for playing a sport. These college athletes are in a sense already receiving payment for their commitment to the team, due to the high tuition rate in collegesRead MoreShould College Tuition Be Paid?884 Words   |  4 PagesIn America college tuition has quadrupled in the last 35 years. College administrators like to tell the story that baby boomers paid their college tuition from the money they made during summer break. A few years later colleges decided to raise tuition price because people wanted to get a college degree. Colleges were seeing that people wanted to go to college they decided to raise the prices and make business out of it. In Germany, however college tuition is free, and by doing this Germany gets

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Class Rigidity and Social Mobility free essay sample

In late eighteenth and early nineteenth century England there was a sort of moral ‘code’ of behavior and standards that are to be maintained by the middle and upper classes of society. Austen realistically mirrors this ‘code’ through the characters and plots of her novels while showing that social flexibility was narrow and class boundaries were strict. The topics of class stringency and social mobility are important areas in Jane Austen’s literature. We begin to see that Austen is not a revolutionary as she supports and preserves the morals and customs of societies hierarchy. However she often encourages and backs the emergence of new wealth permitting greater social mobility. In Austen’s world the naval and ‘tradesmen’ professions are means by which it is acceptable for peoples to advance their social situations. In Persuasion and Emma, we witness class rigidity as well as class mobility. Characters in the Navy and those who are newly risen from or ‘in trade’ have obtained fortune enough to become accepted into society’s upper classes, which suggests that Austen allows some flexibility in her hierarchy. But, in Austen’s world there are ‘rules’ and limitations to social acceptance and Sir Walter Elliot and Mrs. Clay, and Mr. Elton are reprimanded for overstepping their ‘bounds’. Wealth is then the most principal determining factor of social standings and ‘suitable’ matches. With wealth in mind Austen is traditional in her respect for class stability, but she recognizes the benefits of larger social flexibility with new wealth. Austen uses irony and success of the navy and ‘tradesmen’ to show the advantages that new wealth has on social mobility. Sir Walter takes great offense to the naval profession and speaks, I have [ ] strong grounds of objection to it. First, as being the means of bringing persons of obscure birth into undue distinction, and raising men to honours which their fathers and grandfathers never dreamt of [ ]. A man is in greater danger in the navy of being insulted by the rise of one whose father, his father might have disdained to speak to, [ ] than in any other line. (Austen, Persuasion, 20) Sir Walter is representative of the upper class of the past. He holds tight to his morals and values the traditions of his ancestry. It is evident here that he has great difficulty in separating someone from his or her family and cannot fathom how one would not follow in his fathers footsteps. This quotation also presents that Sir Walter Elliot personally feels insulted when someone of a random family who started off below him can end up above him. He feels that he should be superior to most Navy men because the Elliots have been at the top end of the hierarchy for so long. When sir Walter says â€Å"undue distinction† it is ironic because he implies that his distinction was well earned and the distinction and honors of a naval officer is not. He absurdly believes he should be superior because he didn’t have to do any work to achieve his title. At Persuasion’s end, Captain Wentworth and Anne Elliot were to be married. Austen described Wentworth, with five-and-twenty thousand pounds, and as high in his profession as merit and activity could place him, [he] was no longer nobody. He was now esteemed quite worthy to address the daughter of a foolish, spendthrift baronet, who had not had principle or sense enough to maintain himself in the situation in which Providence had placed him, and who could give his daughter at present but a small part of the share of ten thousand pounds which must be hers hereafter. (Persuasion, 232) This passage shows that new wealth attained by people of low birth can have a great deal of social power just as ancient families have social influence. It says that Wentworth was no longer a ‘nobody’, so he was now worthy of Anne’s hand, daughter of a baronet, as his earnings put him on an upper class scale. By using a passive voice here it implies that society would agree that it does not matter that his wealth came from a profession, wealth is wealth, and he will be held in high regard for his earnings. The narrative also pokes fun at Anne’s father, Sir Walter Elliot for being imprudent with his money. This suggests that Wentworth is more favorable to support Anne than Sir Walter, even though he thinks himself highly superior to Wentworth. After Frank Churchill arrives in town Emma takes him to shop at Ford’s and says â€Å"You will be adored in Highbury. You were very popular before you came, because you were Mr. Westons son—â€Å" (Austen, Emma, 155). Mr. Weston was a former army captain and earned enough money to buy his own land putting him in a higher social situation. This quotation shows that not only is Mr. Weston associated with Highbury, he is held in high regard there. Frank Churchill is also a very wealthy man of the trade and because of his known wealth he is the talk of Highbury society. Through satire of the high-class society (Sir Walter), and through approval and regard for navy and ‘trade’ professions as a means of social mobility, Austen shows that the current social structure is moderately changing for the better. Although there are benefits of social mobility from new wealth peoples and patrons, tradition in maintaining class structure is imperative and belonging to a class should be accompanied with finances. After Mr. Elton proposes to Emma, the narrator attempts to understand Mr. Elton’s motives. Perhaps it was not fair to expect him to feel how very much he was her inferior in talent, and all the elegancies of mind. The very want of such equality might prevent his perception of it; but he must know that in fortune and consequence she was greatly his superior. He must know that the Woodhouses had been settled for several generations at Hartfield, the younger branch of a very ancient family—and that the Eltons were nobody. (Emma, 105) The narrator suggests that Elton cannot comprehend how he is not fitting of Emma because he himself is unfit. The snobbish tone in this passage attempting to commiserate with Elton is indicative of Austen’s disapproval of such a notion. The narrator is trying to fathom why Elton thinks he is of high enough rank to even ask Emma something of the sort. It says ‘he must know’ suggesting that he should know that he was in the wrong. The narrator calls the Eltons nobodies; this serves as a reminder of their economic situation and place in the social hierarchy. Anne sees a possible threat in the way Mrs. Clay a polite widow recommends herself to her father Sir Walter Elliot. Anne thinks she is widely overstepping her boundaries in regard to rank. Anne, â€Å"felt the imprudence of the arrangement [†¦] an acute mind and assiduous pleasing manners, infinitely more dangerous attractions than any merely personal might have been. Anne was so impressed by the degree of danger, that she could not excuse herself from trying to make it perceptible to her sisterâ€Å" (Persuasion, 33). Anne believes it is her obligation as a member of the upper class to protect her family’s name. She calls the match a danger and inappropriate because she knows the meaning of a ‘suitable’ match, matching in class and rank. She is mindful of her social structure and how it functions and is greatly offended by even the possibility of low rank coming into her family by marriage. Because Anne is the heroine in Persuasion and we as readers associate with her ideals, it becomes clear that Austen wants us to know that marrying into a family with wealth without having wealth oneself is unacceptable. It is evident that Austen is conventional in her respect for societal traditions as none of the marriages in Austens fiction of which she approved was economically unwise. In close, Austen sticks to tradition but is lenient in accepting new wealth into her social structure. Austen reveals class mobility when she eventually allows Anne to marry Wentworth even though they are of different heritage. The match is acceptable, as he has through the Navy accumulated fortune and good merit enough to secure Anne’s status. She also uses the ridiculousness of Sir Walter to convey that to be of the upper class it does require hard work and management, as he is thoughtless with his money causing him to fall in rank. Mr. Weston and Frank Churchill are also successful examples of how one can raise their social situation with the ‘trades’ and become socially accepted as superiors. Class strictness is obvious in Mr. Elton’s proposal to a superior and when Anne warns her sister of the dangers of Mrs. Clay and Sir Elliot becoming wed. Austen welcomes new wealth into the social hierarchy but does not reject the social structure and foundation on which class and rank was built.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Marquis de Sades Attitude Towards Women Essay Example For Students

The Marquis de Sades Attitude Towards Women Essay The Marquis de Sades Attitude Towards WomenThe Marquis de Sade was an author in France in the late 1700s. His workswere infamous in their time, giving Sade a reputation as an adulterer, adebaucher, and a sodomite. One of the more common misrepresentationsconcerning Sade was his attitude toward women. His attitude was shown in hisway of life and in two of his literary characters, Justine and Julliette. The Marquis de Sade was said to be the first and only philosopher of vicebecause of his atheistic and sadistic activities. He held the common woman inlow regard. He believed that women dressed provocatively because they fearedmen would take no notice of them if they were naked. He cared little forforced sex. Rape is not a crime, he explained, and is in fact less thanrobbery, for you get what is used back after the deed is done (Bloch 108). We will write a custom essay on The Marquis de Sades Attitude Towards Women specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Opinions about the Marquis de Sades attitude towards sexual freedom forwomen varies from author to author. A prevalent one, the one held by Carter,suggests Sades work concerns sexual freedom and the nature of such,significant because of his refusal to see female sexuality in relation to areproductive function.Sade justified his beliefs through graffiti, playing psychologist onvandals:In the stylization of graffiti, the prick isalways presented erect, as an alert attitude. It points upward, asserts. The hole is open, asan inert space, as a mouth, waiting to be filled. This iconography could be derived from themetaphysical sexual differences: man aspires,woman serves no function but existence, waiting. Between her thighs is zero, the symbol of nothingness, that only attainssomethingness when male principle fills it with meaning (Carter 4). The Marquis de Sades way of thought is probably best symbolized in themissionary position. The missionary position represents the mythicrelationship between partners. The woman represents the passive receptiveness,the fertility, and the richness of soil. This relationship mythicizes andelevates intercourse to an unrealistic proportion. In a more realistic view,Sade compares married women with prostitutes, saying that prostitutes werebetter paid and that they had fewer delusions (Carter 9). Most of Sades opinions of women were geared towards the present, in whatthey were in his time. He held different opinions, however, for how heenvisioned women in the future. Sade suggests that women dont fuck in thepassive tense and hence automatically fucked up, done over, undone. Sadedeclares that he is all for the right of women to fuck. It is stated as ifthe time in which women copulate tyrannously, cruelly, and aggressively will bea necessary step in the development of the general human conscious concerningthe nature of copulation. He urges women to copulate as actively as they can,so that, powered by their hitherto untapped sexual energy they will be ableto fuck their way into history, and, in doing so, change it (Carter 27). Women see themselves in the reflection form Sades looking glass ofmisanthropy. Critics say that Sade offers male fantasies about women in greatvariety, along with a number of startling insights. He is said to putpornography in the service of women (Carter 36). The Justine series, consisting of six editions, was one of the mostinfamous and well known series written by Sade. While the series had severaleditions, the storyline remained basically the same throughout, though becomingmore verbose in each edition. Two characters emerge from the Justine novels: Justine and Juliette, whoare sisters orphaned at an early age. These two characters represent theopposite poles of womanhood in Sades mind. Justine is the innocent, naivetype who gets mistreated throughout her life. Juliette is Sades ideal woman,being uninhibited in her sexual conduct and in her life, murdering andcopulating at whim. She, naturally, does well in life (Lynch 41-42). .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7 , .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7 .postImageUrl , .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7 , .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7:hover , .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7:visited , .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7:active { border:0!important; } .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7:active , .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7 .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4f0d484bc1905b2b7bd9ae9d2ee775d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lab: Determining What Type Of Stimulus Info Is More Easily Remembered EssayThe story of Justine is a long and tragic one, taking the naive young girlabroad, where she is used and discarded by man and woman alike. This is due tothe fact that she is a good woman in a predominately male world. Justine isgood according to the rules concerning women laid down by men. Her reward isrape, incessant beatings, and humiliation (Carter 38). Justines first encounter in life is with a priest who tries to seduce herinstead of offering her the assistance she seeks. Next, she encounters afinancier named Dubourg. He abuses her and makes her steal. Dubourg isrewarded for the vices he has by getting a lucrative government job (Lynch 47). Justine soon is received by Du Harpin, an expert in making loans, plotterof the robbery of a neighbor, who is utilizing Justine as a intermediary. Justine is arrested as a result of Du Harpins misdeeds. She is soon releasedby a woman named Dubois, who engineers their escape via setting aflame theprison (Lynch 42). Dubois leads Justine to an encounter with her brigand friends, led byCoeur-de-fer (French for Heart of Iron). They rape Justine between raids inwhich she doesnt participate. During one of their raids, they rob and beatSaint-Florent. Justine helps Saint-Florent escape. He promptly expresses hisgratitude by raping her and stealing the little money she had (Lynch 42). Justine is left abandoned and distraught in the woods. She happens upon ayouthful count named Bressac in the middle of a homosexual act with one of hisservants. Rather than killing her then for her indiscretion, Bressac bringsher home and forces her to assist with his plan to murder his wealthy aunt. Justine flees after four years with Bressac (Lynch 42). She is soon hired by a surgeon who is better described as a vivisector,who practices his science on his daughter and on young children. Justine,feeling pity, attempts to save Bressacs daughter, is caught, and is brandedas a common criminal (Lynch 42). Justines cycle of misfortunes continue for some time. She is visitedonce again by Dubois and twice by Saint-Florent, both of whom incriminate herin something not of her doing. She finally finds her long-lost sister,Juliette, who she recites her lifes story to. Her sister grants her freedom. She lives for a short time afterwards, shortly disfigured by lightning andeventually killing her (Lynch 43). Juliette, sister of Justine, lives a different life altogether. Her earlylife revolves around her tutors, who introduce different trades. Her firsttutor was Mme. Delbene, a libertine, who introduces infliction of pain forpleasure. Mme. Delbenes final affirmation to Juliette was, Oh, my friend,fuck, you were born to fuck! Nature created you to be fucked (Lynch 52). Her next mentor is Mme. de Lorsange, who brings an introduction to theft,a supplement to carnal pleasure. Under Mme. de Lorsanges tutelage, Juliettebecomes a skilled thief, robbing many. Here Juliette learns the intricaciesof being antiethical (Lynch 53). Juliettes next learning experience comes from Noirceuil, a believer inthe duality and balance of virtue and vice in people. He is a totallyindependent individual. He justifies himself by tracing immorality throughantiquity. He arranges a transvestite wedding, where he dresses up as a womanand Juliette dresses like a man. He later violates Juliettes seven-year-olddaughter, roasting her alive afterwards with her mothers permission. Noirceuil is awarded a position in the ministry (Lynch 53). Juliette later becomes involved with Saint-Rond, a minister and kingsfavorite. He introduces her to the Society of Friends of Crime. Justine isinitiated by being asked questions about her sexual activities (both past andpresent). Her last oath uttered upon entrance in the Society read,Do youswear to forever live in the same degeneracy as you have all your life? Shereplied yes (Lynch 53). .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2 , .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2 .postImageUrl , .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2 , .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2:hover , .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2:visited , .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2:active { border:0!important; } .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2:active , .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2 .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u32be273e8626dbc3884d73d95195d0b2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Glass Ceiling EssaySades two aforementioned characters represent two factors in Sades life:reality and fantasy. Reality, in Sades eyes, is Justine. Innocence withoutprosperity, an image of woman. Juliette represents fantasy. She is what Sadeexpects and hopes the woman of the future will resemble: uninhibited, free,equal (Lynch). So says Gullaume Appolinare in Lynch:Justine is the old woman, subjugated, miserable,and less than human; Juliette, on the contrary,represents the new woman he glimpses, a being wecannot conceive of, that breaks loose fromhumanity, that will have wings and will renewthe universe. Sade justified his writings and feelings by saying, Flesh comes to us outof history, so does the repression and taboo that governs our experience offlesh. He cites flesh as verification of itself, rewriting the Cartesiancognito, I fuck therefore I am (Carter, 11). Sade punished virtue in his writings. Women are the representation ofinnocence to him, which isnt too far from how his contemporaries felt. Bypunishing Justine in his novels, he isnt punishing woman, simply the innocencethat woman represents. While Sade believed that the woman with which he was copulating was simplythere to serve his needs, he also felt it could (and should) work the other wayaround. It is as if he is saying, Just because I use you, it doesnt meanyou cant use me. Sade couldnt be a sexist in the modern sense, simplybecause he advocated free sexuality so much. He saw the women of his time and was troubled by it. In turn, he wroteabout these women, represented in Justine. The woman he saw in the future werea bolder, free-spirited kind, represented in Juliette. It was the promise ofthis new genre of women he looked forward to and was enlightened by. In short, Sade disliked subjugated women and liked empowered women. Heliked women closer to his own persona. Sade was probably the firstpornographer, and as such, caused quite an uproar. Most of the judgements madeabout Sade by critics were reflexes, made without taking in the full spectrumof what he was, what he wrote, and what he did. The judgement of Sade by thepopulus, therefore is one more severe than it should be.